History and Geography of the Maldives: Complete Guide
The Maldives is an archipelago of about 1,190 coral islands in the Indian Ocean, southwest of India. Formed by submerged volcanic atolls, it has a history that spans from Buddhism to Islam (since 1153). Independent since 1965, it is now a republic and one of the world's major tourist destinations, but vulnerable to climate change.
TheMaldivesare not just one of the most iconic destinations in the Indian Ocean: they represent an archipelago with a millennia-old history and a unique geographical configuration in the world. Understanding thehistory and geography of the Maldivesmeans understanding why today this island nation has become synonymous with exclusive tourism, a fragile ecosystem, and a culture deeply influenced by the trade routes of South Asia.
This article is designed to delve into the historical roots and geographical structure of the archipelago, addressing searches such as:
where the Maldives are located
how the Maldives were formed
how many islands the Maldives have
brief history of the Maldives
Maldives before tourism
Read our guide to the Maldives
Where are the Maldives located
The Maldives are located in theIndian Ocean, southwest of India and Sri Lanka.
The archipelago consists of about1,190 coral islands, grouped into26 natural atolls, extending about 800 km north-south.
Essential geographic data
Total area: about 90,000 km² (including the sea)
Land area: about 300 km²
Average altitude: 1.5 meters above sea level
Capital: Malé
Climate: monsoon tropical
The Maldives are thelowest country in the worldby average altitude: this aspect makes them particularly vulnerable to rising sea levels.
How the Maldives were formed
Geologically, the Maldives are the result of a process that took millions of years.
1️⃣ Submerged volcanic origin
The archipelago formed above an underwater volcanic ridge. Ancient emerged volcanoes have been progressively eroded.
2️⃣ Formation of coral reefs
As the volcanic structures subsided, thecoralscontinued to grow around the base, creating typical rings calledatolls.
3️⃣ Evolution of the atolls
Over time, central lagoons, white sandy beaches, and reefs formed, making the Maldives one of the most famous marine paradises in the world.
This particular ecosystem is what makes the archipelago so different from other tropical destinations.
Geographic structure: what are atolls
AnatollIt is a ring of coral islands that surrounds an inner lagoon.
The Maldives are considered one of the most spectacular examples of atoll systems in the world.
Main features:
Low and flat islands
Tropical vegetation (coconut palms)
Turquoise lagoons
Coral reefs rich in biodiversity
Only about200 islands are permanently inhabited, while many others host tourist resorts or remain uninhabited.
The early populations of the Maldives
The first traces of settlement date back over 2,500 years.
It is believed that the first inhabitants came from southern India and Sri Lanka, bringing linguistic and cultural influences that are still reflected today in the official language, thedhivehi.
The Buddhist influence
Before Islam, the Maldives were a Buddhist kingdom for about 1,400 years. Archaeological remains testify to the presence of temples and stupas scattered across various islands.
The conversion to Islam
In 1153 AD, the local ruler converted to Sunni Islam, profoundly transforming the culture and identity of the country.
Even today:
Islam is the official religion
The law is based on Islamic principles
The local culture is strongly tied to religious tradition
European colonizations
The Maldives were involved in the trade routes of the Indian Ocean.
Main periods:
Portuguese domination (16th century)
Dutch protectorate
British protectorate (since 1887)
Independence from the United Kingdom was achieved in 1965.
From monarchy to republic
In 1968, the monarchy was abolished and the Maldives became a presidential republic.
In the 1970s, the development of international tourism began, radically transforming the country's economy.
The Maldives today: between tourism and sustainability
Today, the Maldives is one of the most sought-after tourist destinations in the world. However, their fragile geography makes them vulnerable to:
Climate change
Coastal erosion
Coral bleaching
The government and resorts are investing in environmental sustainability and responsible tourism policies.
FAQ – History and Geography of the Maldives
Where exactly are the Maldives located?
The Maldives are located in the Indian Ocean, southwest of India and Sri Lanka, along the equator.
How many islands do the Maldives have?
About 1,190 natural islands spread across 26 atolls.
What is the average altitude of the Maldives?
About 1.5 meters above sea level, making it the lowest country in the world.
Are the Maldives volcanic?
No, they are coral atolls formed above ancient submerged volcanic structures.
What was the religion before Islam?
Buddhism, practiced for over a millennium.
When did they gain independence?
In 1965 from the United Kingdom.
Are the Maldives at risk of disappearing?
Rising sea levels pose a real threat in the long term.
What is the capital of the Maldives?
Malé, one of the most densely populated capitals in the world.
What language is spoken in the Maldives?
Dhivehi, an Indo-Aryan language with Arabic influences.
Are the Maldives part of Asia?
Yes, they geographically belong to South Asia.